KLK Glycerin is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting polyol compound. It is a viscous liquid with the chemical formula C3H8O3 and is widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and industrial applications. In the following section, we will review its properties, applications, and production methods.
Chemical formula: C₃H₈O₃
Molecular weight: 92.09 g/mol
CAS Number - 56-81-5
Appearance: Colorless, odorless, and sweet-tasting liquid
Density: 1.261 g/cm³
Melting point: 17.8°C
Boiling point: 290°C
Viscosity: 1.412 Pa·s
Natural production
Glycerin naturally occurs in animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is extracted through the hydrolysis of fats (saponification).
Hydrolysis of fats
Fats are broken down in the presence of a strong base (such as NaOH) into glycerol and soap.
Glycerin separation
Glycerin, being water-soluble, is separated through evaporation, distillation, or crystallization.
Synthetic production
In this method, propylene (C₃H₆) is chlorinated and then converted into glycerol. The produced glycerin is purified through processes such as distillation and decolorization.
Biological production
This method involves the fermentation of sugars and starches by microorganisms and is considered a sustainable approach.
Biodiesel production
Glycerin is produced as a by-product of the transesterification process in biodiesel manufacturing.
In the food industry
Glycerin is used as a humectant and stabilizer in confectionery and food products.
In the pharmaceutical industry
It is used as a solvent and moisturizing agent in creams and liquid medicines.
In the cosmetic industry
Glycerin is used in the production of soap, shampoo, and skincare products.
Other applications
It is also used in the production of antifreeze, resins, and plastics.
As a moisturizer and soothing agent for wounds and burns on the skin, it helps prevent dry mouth, maintains moisture in oral and dental care products, and is used to retain moisture in hair and act as a softening agent.
Glycerol is the scientific name of this compound and is mainly used in scientific literature, whereas glycerin is its commercial name used in various industries.